Spectrofluorometric analysis of phylloerythrin (phytoporphyrin) in plasma and tissues from sheep suffering from facial eczema

Authors: Cox N, Scheie E, Flaoyen A, Smith BL
Publication: New Zealand Veterinary Journal, Volume 51, Issue 3, pp 104-110, Jun 2003
Publisher: Taylor and Francis

Animal type: Livestock, Production animal, Ruminant, Sheep
Subject Terms: Biochemistry/chemistry, Clinical pathology, Diagnostic procedures, Inflammation, Integument/skin/wool/hair/fur/feather, Disease/defect, Mycotoxicosis, Liver/hepatic disease, Fungal/yeast, Photosensitivity, Toxicology
Article class: Scientific Article

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Abstract: AIMS: To study the increase in phylloerythrin concentration in plasma and the disposition of phylloerythrin in skin and other tissues of sheep in which the hepatogenous photosensitisation,facial eczema, had been experimentally induced by dosing with the mycotoxin, sporidesmin. Spectroscopic differences between plasma and skin measurements of animals kept inside and outside after dosing were also studied in order to establish whether phylloerythrin undergoes photodegradation when exposed to sunlight.
METHODS: Twenty-six Romney x Polled Dorset (25–30 kg)weaned female lambs were purchased from a commercial flock in the Waikato region, New Zealand. Twenty-two of these lambs were dosed with 0.25 mg sporidesmin/kg liveweight on each of two consecutive days (Days –1 and 0); the remaining four lambs served as controls. Both sporidesmin-dosed lambs and controls were randomly divided into two penned groups, one group housed inside in a darkened room and the others outside, exposed to natural sunlight. The lambs were fed green lucerne pellets and lucerne chaff ad libitum for 10 days prior to dosing and until Day 12 after the first dose; thereafter, all the lambs were fed fresh, cut grass (mainly ryegrass) ad libitum, until the end of the experimental period on Day 26. Plasma samples collected on Days –2, 7, 10, 12, 14, 17, 20 and 25were analysed for gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity, bilirubin concentration, and the fluorescence spectrum of phylloerythrin. Spectrofluorometric analysis of phylloerythrin in skin was performed in vivo on the same days, using an external fiber-optic probe.
RESULTS: Eight of 11 lambs (73%) kept outside after sporidesmin dosing became photosensitised during the experimental period. None of the sporidesmin-dosed animals kept inside showed clinical signs of photosensitisation. The GGT activity in plasma increased exponentially during the experimental period in all sporidesmin-dosed animals until it reached a plateau. All plasma obtained from sporidesmin-dosed sheep had spectral characteristics similar to those of phylloerythrin, namely a peak in the excitation spectrum at 422 nm and strong emission band at 650 (SE 1) and 709 (SE 1) nm. The fluorescence under excitation at 422 nm of phylloerythrin added to plasma from control lambs had identical peaks. Emission spectra obtained from plasma from healthy sheep without addition of phylloerythrin showed either no fluorescence or minor fluorescence at around 671 nm. Fluorescence in skin of sporidesmin-dosed animals had similar spectra to that in plasma. The appearance of the phylloerythrin-like spectra occurred 2–3 days later in the skin than in plasma, and phylloerythrin in sunlight-exposed skin did not suffer photodegradation during the course of the study.
CONCLUSION: Plasma concentrations of phylloerythrin in healthy sheep were <0.1 µmol/l, and clinical signs of photosensitisation were not evident until concentrations exceeded 0.3 µmol/l. Plasma concentrations of phylloerythrin rose as high as 4.9 µmol/l in some animals. The concentration of phylloerythrin in skin began increasing 2–3 days later than that in blood. Hepatogenous photosensitisation can be diagnosed by analysis of plasma phylloerythrin concentrations using a spectroscopic method.
KEY WORDS: Phylloerythrin, phytoporphyrin, photosensitiser, hepatogenous photosensitisation, facial eczema, sporidesmin, sheep

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