Enzymeimmunoassay of oestrone sulphate concentrations in faeces for non-invasive pregnancy determination in mares

Authors: Henderson KM, Perkins NR, Wards RL, Stewart JI
Publication: New Zealand Veterinary Journal, Volume 47, Issue 2, pp 61-66, Apr 1999
Publisher: Taylor and Francis

Animal type: Horse, Livestock
Subject Terms: Diagnostic procedures, Endocrine/autocrine/paracrine, Pregnancy, Reproduction, Reproduction - female, Reproduction - hormones
Article class: Scientific Article

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Abstract: AIM: To determine the suitability of measuring faecal oestrone sulphate (OS) by enzymeimmunoassay as a means of determining pregnancy status in mares bred under New Zealand conditions.
METHODS: An antibody-coated microtitre plate-based enzymeimmunoassay was used to determine the concentration of OS in faecal and plasma samples obtained from pregnant and non-pregnant mares.
RESULTS: In non-pregnant mares, the mean faecal OS concentration was 34 ng/g, and the value three standard deviations above this was 80 ng/g. None of 427 faecal samples collected from 116 non-pregnant mares over a l-year period had an OS concentration >80 ng/g. Only five samples from three mares had an OS concentration >65 ng/g, the value two standard deviations above the mean non-pregnant value. Analysis of faecal OS concentrations in 532 faecal samples collected from 39 pregnant mares showed that as pregnancy progressed, an increasing proportion of faecal samples had OS concentrations >80 ng/g. None of the mares 150 days or more pregnant had faecal OS concentrations <50 ng/g, and 204/220 samples obtained from these mares had faecal OS concentrations >80 ng/g. Following foaling or foetal death, elevated faecal OS concentrations returned quickly to non-pregnant levels. The mean ± s.e.m. plasma level of OS in five mares bled daily throughout one oestrous cycle was 1.7 ± 0.2 ng/ml. Sixty-eight blood samples from pregnant mares bled up to five times between 92 days after mating and foaling all had plasma OS concentrations >30 ng/ml, with 64/68 being >50 ng/ml.
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that measuring faecal OS concentrations by enzymeimmunoassay offers a convenient, accurate, non-invasive means of determining pregnancy status in mares from 150 days after mating onwards. Mares with faecal OS concentrations <50 ng/g can be considered not pregnant, while mares with faecal OS concentrations >80 ng/g can be considered pregnant. Those few mares returning a faecal OS concentration between 50 and 80 ng/g should be retested to obtain a conclusive result. Measuring plasma OS concentrations allows pregnancy status to be determined earlier (from 100 days after mating). Moreover, the discrimination between “non-pregnant” and “pregnant” levels is greater for OS in plasma than in faeces.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Measurement of OS concentrations in faeces provides an alternative and non-invasive means of determining pregnancy status in mares from 150 days after mating.
KEY WORDS: Oestrone sulphate, horse, faeces, pregnancy.

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